The war between US an Iraq 2003 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The war between US an Iraq 2003 - Research Paper Example Different reports have additionally uncovered that because of the war, obligation reliefs have been offered to the nation and the nation has been discharged from the control of their tyrant Saddam Hussein. This paper will be a quantitative examination paper with respondents from the Iraqi country picked arbitrarily across different regions in the area. Significant potential exploration discoveries for this paper incorporate the way that the Iraqi War has realized monetary difficulties for the individuals, diminishing their work rates, and intensifying their neediness status. The war has likewise caused a lot of political disorder through political infighting and major degenerate exercises by government authorities. At last, it has likewise realized troubles in the conveyance of wellbeing, instructive, and social administrations to the individuals. On March 20, 2003, the world was observer to the subsequent bay war with the intrusion of American soldiers in Iraq. War was propelled against Iraq as a result of the latter’s affirmed ownership of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) which were in obvious infringement of its terms of give up in the wake of its Kuwaiti intrusion in the mid 1990s. In spite of the fact that assessments by the UN on Iraqi weapons stops and military establishments yielded no WMDs, US knowledge reports demanded that Iraq was in control of such weapons. After a progression of bombed exchanges and after Iraq rejected UN reviews in the early months paving the way to the March intrusion, the US troops were conveyed into Iraq. In the days following the assault, the chase for Iraqi tyrant Saddam Hussein was additionally propelled and in December, 2003, he was at long last secured and accused of the execution of 148 Shi-ites in 1982. He was executed in December 2006 by hanging. Meanwhile, US troops kept on involving Iraq with the sole motivation behind helping the break government in the administration of guerilla exercises in the nation. A similarity to a US-started change

Crowdsourcing in AOL

Publicly supporting in AOL The era of data innovation brings world inventive arrangements that nobody could foresee prior. The expanding prevalence is picked up by publicly supporting in the pursuit of employment territory. It is another plan of circulation of work when a large number of individuals, particularly from online network, can work for even a little organization simultaneously including a little commitment that coordinates with those of others to serve explicit authoritative objectives (Brabham 2013).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Crowdsourcing in AOL explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More I consider publicly supporting that AOL applied is a model of re-appropriating. Meaning of re-appropriating alludes to demonstration of contracting business capacities to an outsider business done by a gathering of representatives, each playing out a specific errand of the venture. Nevo Kotlarsky guarantee that re-appropriating is â€Å"fueled by specialist co-ops with solid me chanical capacities and access to a worldwide ability pool† (Nevo Kotlarsky 2014, p.1). In any case, there are a few contrasts between these two models, for example, dangers, suggestions, the degree of control, and so forth. Re-appropriating is more unsurprising than publicly supporting since individuals are generally known to the activity proprietor. For instance, Maloney was curious about the individuals who play out his task. By the by, as I would like to think, publicly supporting is a sort of re-appropriating on the grounds that both participate in performing products or administrations from outside businesses. When settling on a choice about publicly supporting a specific organizations process, it is important to focus on a few elements. In any case, so as to have a very much done activity, just errands that don't require propelled information ought to be publicly supported. Besides, broken into smaller scale errands this activity would better suit to non-inventive speci alists as it may be a housewife from Montana state just as a destitute evacuee. Likewise, one should remember it that occasionally publicly supporting may be insufficient. For example, administrators ought to think about the phase of item improvement: the closer the arrival of the item, the more significant surveys of potential clients are, while, at the phase of the structuring, Internet clients assessment is practically futile. I accept that the upsides of publicly supporting are huge for both laborer and business as it furnishes individuals with working chances and diminishes all out work cost. It is generally quicker than customary recruiting. Moreover, individuals may acknowledge publicly supporting as low maintenance work, particularly understudies or moms with an infant, or NEET (Not in Education, Employed, and Trained) individuals. By offering the answer for an enormous gathering of potential temporary workers, the business consequently arrives at a wide inclusion. Simultane ously, he doesn't put forth extra attempt sparing such assets as time and cash. A wide scope of individuals is certainly one of the key advancements of publicly supporting. For the situation when an inventive assignment is given an individual trades thoughts, talks about the task with his companions, thinks of new thoughts and developments, he is inconceivably spurred and significant for the company.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, there exist a few drawbacks. Misleading organizations vindictively utilize individuals without thinking about the lowest pay permitted by law expressed by law. Besides, underage understudies may be responsible for dreary and disturbing errands for quite a while. On the grounds of befuddling the level aptitude of a laborer, the business gets a few dangers, if administration level understanding was not talked about. In this way, I propose that publicly supporting is suitable in a specific case, for an extraordinary errand, and for a specific specialist. A chance of working at home performing simple errands pulls in a lot of individuals around the globe. One can win about $20 every day and some of the time significantly more. Specialists are foreseeing that the intensity of group would drive the eventual fate of business since publicly supporting turns into a genuine panacea for the individuals who couldn't get a perpetual line of work for quite a while. Reference List Brabham, Daren C 2013, Crowdsourcing, MIT Press, Cambridge. Nevo, D Kotlarsky, J 2014, ‘Primary seller capacities in an interceded redistributing model: Can IT specialist co-ops influence crowdsourcing?’, Decision Support Systems, vol. 65, pp. 17-27.

The Re-Froshening

The Re-Froshening I started MIT as a bubble of idealism. MIT was going to be AWESOME. Everything was going to be AWESOME. I was going to double major in biological engineering and neuroscience and double minor in history and music and I was going to UROP and I was going to be a Medlink and an MIT blogger and then become a doctor. I was going to rock out at my classes and a bazillion activities. This, my friends, is what we call froshy. Like most frosh, I began the painful process of defroshing. I learned that, no, I was not going to graduate with a 5.0 in a double major and double minor with a bazillion activities. It turns out, things take time, and people need sleep. They told you that you could do anything. They forgot to add that you cant do everything. Meanwhile, MIT was a less-than-perfect place. Not all my professors were fantastic, nor were all my UROPs great, nor did activities always run smoothly and people always run reasonably. It turns out that MIT is a place run by people, and people arent perfect. For health reasons (both my own and because a family member was not doing well), I took time off from MIT. I ended up attending classes at a local university in my hometown of Los Angeles. It wasnt bad. Taking four classes was just as trivial as my high school experience. I went back in high school mode did a little work, chilled out a lot, ended up on the Deans List. I ran screaming. I wanted the firehose education and my east side life. When I got back to MIT, I came back with a stronger realization of why I was there. Its cliche to say that I came back to push my limits but it wasnt limits of how hosed could I get before I die. Instead, it was about the future I saw for myself crumbling as my knowledge of the world grew. How could I know where I was going if I didnt have the experiences to shape my interests and goals? It was around this time that I stumbled into SIPB with some friends and discovered coding. It turns out that one could be a coder and someone interesting for me to talk to at the same time!  So I tried it out. And then I accidentally switched majors but biology was still my thing, Id just use EECS to do biology things. And then there came that fateful day when, while looking for a summer UROP, I stumbled upon space robots. Looking back, that was the summer where I started really figuring out that I didnt have it all figured out. I explored the problems one encounters in space at the same time I took up the hobby of exploring the ocean. I spent a weekend with hippies in a forest. I learned to shape glass. My remaining time at MIT wasnt easy. There were uncountably many bumps. But each of those lead to opportunities to push my comfort zone and do some hard work in a previously unexplored area.  And though MIT wasnt perfect, there were fantastic professors, great UROPs, there were activities that filled my soul with joy, and there were incredible human beings :) A lot of MIT students trend towards bitter over time. Seniors graduate, and people think that bitterness is the proper trait of a grown person because thats what the seniors are. I resisted becoming bitter to the best I could, but in that last year, I cant say I wasnt bitter. I finally graduated, and began some sort of recovery from burnout. I took on absolutely no responsibilities outside of work for my first few months after MIT. I wondered if this would be a permanent state, but it wasnt so bad. Sure beat being hosed as an undergrad. And then I started refroshening. When I started my full time job (in which I get to play with the internet!), that zealous nature started coming back. Include some travel for perspective (you can read more on that in my update on Lydias blog Im Melissa H. 13), and the burnout seemed to leave. Suddenly I was balancing a busy summer of working, taking a class (which will contribute to both my masters and to my current work at my job/general career), and getting back in the air after years away. I write this while juggling the two projects (and two accompanying presentations) and quiz I need to prepare for before my last class tomorrow evening, while planning out the rest of the week to do some flight training, with my brain thinking on the projects Im driving for work and what coding aspects I should learn in preparation. Volunteering myself for high workloads, managing them with a social life, and sleeping 8 hours every night somehow started to come easily. I feel invigorated by the work I do and what Im learning, by my friends, and by all the sleep Im getting :) I felt like writing this story because its easier to get the full picture looking back instead of forming it ahead. As a prefrosh, you read the Admissions blogs and primarily get to read about what people are *excited* about which means you come to MIT with high hopes that almost invariably wont match reality. Then as an undergrad, all you see are the upperclassmen balancing the awesome things theyre doing with a distinct bit of bitterness. So, be prepared. Stop pegging yourself as one thing and allow your experiences to shape you. Dont panic when your idealism begins to faulter, dont fall into the underclassman trap of thinking that the journey ends with you being bitter. The high and the low can average out into a realization of what you want to do and an unmatched optimism. If you come to MIT, know this: MIT will give you experiences. MIT will amaze you. MIT will try you. MIT is part of the project that is the rest of your life. And sometimes, MIT will break you down to your components. And thats the point where you rebuild something better than before.

A Main Class in Java Contains the Main Method

All Java programs must have an entry point, which is always the main() method. Whenever the program is called, it automatically executes the main() method first. The main() method can appear in any class that is part of an application, but if the application is a complex containing multiple files, it is common to create a separate class just for main().  The main class can have any name, although typically it will just be called Main. What Does the Main Method Do? The main() method is the key to making a Java program executable. Here is the basic syntax for a main() method: public class MyMainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { // do something here... }} Note that the main() method is defined within curly braces and is declared with three keywords: public, static and void : public: This method is public and therefore available to anyone.static: This method can be run without having to create an instance of the class MyClass.void: This method does not return anything.(String[] args): This method takes a String argument. Note that the argument args can be anything  Ã¢â‚¬â€ its common to use args but we could instead call it stringArray. Now lets add some code to the main() method so that it does something: public class MyMainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Hello World!); }} This is the traditional Hello World! program, as simple as it gets. This main() method simply prints the words Hello World! In a real program, however, the main() method just starts the action and does not actually perform it. Generally, the main() method parses  any command line arguments, does some setup or checking, and then initializes one or more objects that continue the work of the program.   Separate Class or Not? As the entry point into a program, the main() method has an important place, but programmers do not all agree on what it should contain and to what degree it should be integrated with other functionality. Some argue that the main() method should appear where it intuitively belongs — somewhere at the top of your program.  For example, this design incorporates main() directly into the class that creates a server: However, some programmers point out that putting the main() method into its own class can help make the Java components you are creating reusable. For example, the design below creates a separate class for the main() method, thus allowing the class ServerFoo to be called by other programs or methods: Elements of the Main Method Wherever you place the main() method, it should contain certain elements since it is the entry point to your program. These might include a check for any preconditions for running your program. For example, if your program interacts with a database, the main() method might be the logical place to test basic database connectivity before moving on to other functionality. Or if authentication is required, you would probably put the login information in main(). Ultimately, the design and location of main() are completely subjective. Practice and experience will help you determine where best to put main(), depending on the requirements of your program.

Up From Slavery, by Booker T. Washington Essay - 1140 Words

Booker T. Washington was a young black male born into the shackles of Southern slavery. With the Union victory in the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, Washington’s family and blacks in the United States found hope in a new opportunity, freedom. Washington saw this freedom as an opportunity to pursue a practical education. Through perseverance and good fortunes, Washington was able to attain that education at Hampton National Institute. At Hampton, his experiences and beliefs in industrial education contributed to his successful foundation at the Tuskegee Institute. The institute went on to become the beacon of light for African American education in the South. Booker T. Washington was an influential voice in the†¦show more content†¦After much trial an error, the school discovers an excellent method to brick making. The school was so successful that white people who had no interest in the school came to them because they made good bricks. W ashington states in his work â€Å"The making of these bricks caused many white residents of the neighborhood to begin to feel that the education of the Negro was not making him worthless, but that in educating our students we were adding something to the wealth and comfort of the community.† Washington felt that the students’ quality of bricks changed the white residents’ perception of blacks in the community. This is the key to Washington’s belief system of industrial education. In addition, Washington details how his students have gone on to obtain many jobs as brick makers in the South. He successfully makes his point that industrial education can have a positive impact on black employment and race relations in the South. If students were only exposed to book knowledge, they may have missed out on these opportunities. He also goes on to support his claim that the industrial skills the students have learned will provide them gateways to use their e ducational assets as well. The next example the author provides is from his early childhood as a prospective student of Hampton Institute. Washington tells the experience of being eager to enter Hampton Institute, however at the time he had no money and initiallyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Up From Slavery By Booker T. Washington779 Words   |  4 Pagesresult, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubois work on achieving equality and civil rights. On Up from Slavery, Booker T. Washington argues that â€Å"It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercise of these privileges.†1 Washington implies that African Americans need to prove themselves to the white people. He wants them to be understanding of the white people’s point of view and be patient with them. Washington suggestsRead MoreEssay about Booker T. Washington: Up from Slavery2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe autobiography of Booker T. Washing titled Up From Slavery is a rich narrative of the mans life from slavery to one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute. The book takes us through one of the most dynamic periods in this countrys history, especially African Americans. I am very interested in the period following the Civil War and especially in the transformation of African Americans from slaves to freemen. Up From Slavery provides a great deal of information on this time period and helpedRead MoreBooker T. Washington Up from Slavery Chapter 1 Summary1784 Words   |  8 PagesThis chapter begins where it should begin - at the beginning! Or least at the beginning as Booker knew it. He tells us he was born in Franklin County Virginia, but he is not sure of the year - it’s either 1858 or 1859 - and he doesn’t know what month or what day. He does know that his birth took place near a crossroads post-office called Hale’s Ford. Otherwise, his earliest impressions are of the plantation and the slave quarters, the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging of surroundings. HisRead MoreThe Life And Work Of Booker T. Washington. Antwaneisha1179 Words   |  5 Pages The Life and Work of Booker T. Washington Antwaneisha Maborn Bethel University â€Æ' Literary and English Works of Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was born on April 5, 1856, but according to his autobiography, he does not know the actual date of birth. Washington published his autobiography titled Up from Slavery in 1901. This paper will state facts about Washington s books and format of his writing. Up from Slavery was so popular that people all over the nation were influenced andRead MoreBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagescomplete mess after the Civil War. The early part of the 20th century brought many changes for African Americans. There was a difficult challenge of helping newly free African American slaves assimilate among their white counterparts. They suffered from crop failures, economic hardships, and the early failures of Reconstruction in the south. So as result many Southern African Americans migrated to northern cities in search of employment and a chance at a better life. However, Southern African AmericansRead MoreBiography of Booker T Washington Essay673 Words   |  3 PagesBiography of Booker T Washington Booker T. Washington, born on April fifth, 1856, was born into slavery on the Burroughs’ tobacco farm. His mother was a cook, and his father was a white man from a nearby farm. Despite the small size of the farm Washington always referred to it as a plantation, and his life was not much different from any other slave on the larger plantations. â€Å"The early years of my life, which were spent in the little cabin, were not very different from those of other slaves†Read MoreBooker T. Washington Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesposition that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome† –Booker T. Washing. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born in Hale’s Ford, Virginia on April 5th, 1856 to Jane Burroughs and an unknown White man. Washington was married three times. His first wife was Fannie N. Smith from Malden, West Virginia. Booker and Fannie were married in the summer of 1882 and had one child together named Portia M. Washington. Fannie died two years later in May 1884. The second wife was Olivia A. DavidsonRead MoreCompare And Contrast Booker T. Dubois1296 Words   |  6 PagesW.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were both fighting for the betterment of blacks, but accomplished it differently. W.E.B Du Bois believed in blacks getting a classical education and obtaining equality. While, Booker T. Washington wanted blacks to focus on vocational skills and give up their rights to be a success. W.E.B Du Bois disagreed because he believed that African Americans should not limit themselves to vocational labor but preferred that they educated themselves so they would be recognizedRead MoreThe New Land Of America Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the professor of history at South Carolina State University, Doctor Stanley Harrold, â€Å"The Atlantic slave trade began in Africa in the mid-1400s and lasted into the 19th century. Initially, Portuguese traders purchased small numbers of slaves from kingd oms on the western coast of Africa and transported them for sale in Portugal and Spain. The Atlantic slave trade did not become a huge enterprise until after European nations began colonizing the Americas during the 1500s. During the 1600s theRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washingtons Immense Achievements 952 Words   |  4 Pages1856, Booker Taliaferro Washington was born into slavery in Hale’s Ford, Virginia on a local plantation. Being born into slavery, it was quite clear that Washington would never amount to much. Knowing this though, did not stop him from dreaming about the many achievements he wanted to accomplish. Washington’s passion to learn is what transformed him into, not a lowly slave, but instead: an educator, a writer and the founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Through these achievements though, Booker T. Washington

Week Assgn Free Essays

Mixed Methods Lori Hudson Walden University Mixed methods research is combined with qualitative and quantitative research methods which consist Of the quality and emphasize measurement and variables (Dentin Lincoln, 2003). In this paper, I will provide information about mixed methods and what type of designs, timing, and data collection that was used by Tortes. I will also discuss the theoretical lens that will be used in the study. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Assgn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Will also discuss the data analysis, which will deliver bendable information and the rationale as to why mixed methods were used in this particular article. Design Using the mixed methods research article by Tortes provided in the Learning Resources, briefly describe the type of design and the timing of the data collection. Theoretical Lens Briefly describe the theoretical lens that underlies the study. Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Data Analysis Briefly describe the data analysis procedures used in the study. Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Rationale for Mixed Methods Explain the rationale for using the mixed method design in this study. Be sure to support your points with scholarly support. Conclusion Your conclusion section should recap the major points you have made in your work. However, perhaps more importantly, you should interpret what you have written and what the bigger picture is. Remember your paper should be 2 – 3 pages not counting your title page and reference page. Please do not exceed three pages of content. Save your Application as a â€Å". Doc† or â€Å". RTF† file tit the filename APP+your first initial+last name. For example, Sally Ride’s assignment filename would be â€Å"Appeasers†. Use the â€Å"Submit an Assignment† link, choose the Week 9: Application basket, and then add your Application as an attachment. References Always include references. Be sure every reference is in PAP format with a hanging indent. Also, every citation should have a reference and vice versa. Use the PAP manual, the Citation Guide or some source to verify your format. PAP is very specific about punctuation and how elements Of the reference are presented. How to cite Week Assgn, Papers

Bromination of Acetanilide free essay sample

The objective of this experiment was to use melting point and NMR to determine which of two isomers, ortho or para, would most likely form after brominating Acetanilide through electrophilic aromatic substitution. Procedure/Observations: 1. Weigh out ~280 mg of acetanilide in a 10 mL r. b. flask with a stir bar. 2. Then, add 2. 0 mL of glacial acetic acid using a calibrated Pasteur pipet. 3. Stir the mixture until all of the acetanilide has dissolved. It may be necessary to add more acetic acid dropwise until full dissolution has occured. In the fume hood, add 0. 6 mL of 4. 1 M bromine solution in acetic acid. 5. Cap the round bottom flask before returning to the bench. 6. For 15-20 minutes, stir the reaction mixture at room temperature so that the reddish-orange coloration will fade and a solid precipitate will form. 7. Return to the hood and add a few more drops of the bromine solution in the hood if all the coloration fades. We will write a custom essay sample on Bromination of Acetanilide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8. Once the reaction is complete, return to the hood. 9. Transfer the mixture to a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 10 mL of water. 10. Rinse the reaction flask out using another 5. 0 mL of water. 11. Using a Pasteur pipet, add 30% sodium thiosulfate dropwise while swirling until the bromine coloration is no longer visible. 12. Return to the bench to complete the final work-up. 13. Cool the reacting mixture in an ice bath. 14. Collect the solid precipitate using a Hirsch funnel through vacuum filtration. 15. Wash with ice cold water to complete the transfer. If the crude product is yellow, disconnect the vacuum, add a few drops of the sodium thiosulfate solution, then reconnect the vacuum. Follow with 1 or 2 washings of ice cold water. 17. Dry the crude product 5-10 minutes using the vacuum. 18. Recrystallize the crude product using an ethanol/water mixed solvent combination. Be sure to dissolve the crude product in the minimal volume of hot ethanol with swirling. 19. Add water dropwise until a cloud point is reached. 20. Rewarm the solution until it is clear again. 21. Allow the solution to cool until crystals form before icing. 22. On a Hirsch funnel under vacuum using cold water washings collect the crystals. Continue the vacuum for 5-10 minutes to dry. 8. Find the final weight and calculate the yield. 9. Find the melting point of the product, then obtain the 1H NMR of the product in CDCl3. Overall Reaction: Mechanisms: Stoichiometric Table: CompoundMolar Mass (g/mol)Density (g/mL)mg or mLMmolMolar equiv. Acetanilide (Limiting Reagent)135. 171. 22333. 0 mg2. 46 1. 00 Bromine soln. 159. 803. 1190. 6 mL24. 610. 0 Glacial Acetic acid60. 051. 0492 mL34. 914. 2 Calculations 1) Moles of Acetanilide Used = 0. 333g/135. 17g/mol *1000 = 2.46mmol. Moles of Bromine Solution Used = 4. 1M * 0. 0006L = 24. 6mmol 3) Moles of Glacial Acetic Acid Used = 1. 049g/ml * 2. 00ml * 1mol/60. 05g/mol = 34. 9mmol 4) Molar equivalent of Bromine soln. = 24. 6 mmol / 2. 46mmol = 10. 0 5) Molar equivalent of Glacial Acetic Acid = 34. 9mmol / 2. 46mmol = 14. 2 6) Theoretical Yield of Product = 214. 07g/mol * 0. 00246mol = 0. 527g 7) Crude yield of product = 0. 1471g 8) Actual Yield of Product = 0. 0912g 9) Percent recovery from recrystallization = 0. 0912g/0. 1471g * 100 = 61. Percent yield = 0. 0912g/0. 527g * 100 = 17. 3% Results: Theoretical Yield of Product: 0. 527g Actual Yield of product: 0. 0912g Percent yield from recrystallization: 61. 9% Percent Yield of Product: 17. 3% Literature Melting Point Range: 166-170Â °C Experimental Melting Point Range: 165. 5-166. 5Â °C NMR Data: Shift (ppm)SignalIntegrationAssignment 7. 382-7. 434Multiplet 4 (2 for each aromatic proton-overlapping)Aromatic protons ortho and meta to the acetamido group 7. 260SingletProteolated SolventCDCl? impurities 2. 168Singlet3Methyl group

Analytical Essay Kiss and Tell by John Sam Jones Essays

Analytical Essay Kiss and Tell by John Sam Jones Essays Analytical Essay Kiss and Tell by John Sam Jones Essay Analytical Essay Kiss and Tell by John Sam Jones Essay Essay Topic: Analytical â€Å"Kiss and tell† is a story written by author John Sam Jones. The story is set in Wales on a school. The story revolves around a boy and his thoughts about the opposite gender. The story is the omniscient type of narrator. This analysis focuses on characterization as well as on how to fit in. The main character in the story is Seimon. He is a fourteen-year-old boy from Wales. Throughout the whole story, the focus is on Seimon and his addiction to his teacher Mr. Roberts. As from the very beginning of the story, the narrator tells about the girls and boys in Seimon’s class. Some of the girls in Seimon’s class seemed much older – and a bit scary1. Somebody acted like they had already outgrown their peers – Jane Jones who had got breasts that where the Promised Land of boy’s dirty talk, almost always had love bites on her neck, and Shan Jenkins boasted about going to the nightclub Llandudno at the weekends with her boyfriend, who was a management trainee with one of the new, cheap German supermarkets.2 It seemed like all Seimon’s classmates had grown up both physically and mentally. Seimon felt that puberty had not reached him yet. Sometimes he imagined himself smaller-than-small so that the others would not notice him.3When the boy s he hung around with, seemed not to want to see him, he considered if he was insignificant. He hated that word because it made him think of being lonely and isolated. Siemon is a fragile person who is very easy to affect. Seimon felt like he did not fit in anywhere, so he started daydreaming about his teacher Mr. Roberts, his favourite teacher that he hoped would be reading to the class – one of the poems they were studying in a literature project, or perhaps he would be explaining something about the vagaries of Welsh grammar.4 Mr. Roberts was from Cardiff and got the job in Wales. He knew that he had got the job because of his strengths in German and French, but the problem was that he

Free Essays on Crucifixion

The Central Message of Christianity – The Resurrection The crucifixion was a barbaric, inhumane form of today’s capital punishment. Although this was a horrible way to die, the crucifixion was necessary for Christianity. Without the resurrection of Christ, there is no basis for which Christianity to stand. The crucifixion and resurrection are essential for the understanding of Jesus as Christ. The lifestyle of Jesus led up to his crucifixion. On almost every important issue that arose in the time of Jesus, His opinion contradicted that of the government. His message made the outcasts of society, the central focus. The aspect that most obviously led to his death on the cross was his claim to be Christ, the Son of God. Because of Jesus’ messages, he was led to the cross on which he died (Moltmann 73). Crucifixion was a method of capital punishment used by the non-Roman people. Crucifixion was surprisingly common during the life of Jesus. When Jesus was crucified in Golgotha, he was on a cross next to two criminals. Because Jesus was crucified on a Saturday, the guards had to ensure the death of the three men, before Sabbath. Some men were on the cross for days before they actually died, but Jesus died within six hours (Murchland 17). According to John’s gospel, one of the guards stabbed Jesus to ensure his death before Sunday came and from the wound poured water and wine, which symbolized the outpouring of the spirit. The amazing part of the death of Jesus was not the crucifixion, but instead the resurrection. Simply, the resurrection is Jesus being raised from the dead by God. All of the Gospels give different accounts of who the resurrected Jesus appeared to and when. The concepts similar between all of the gospels are, Jesus did rise from the dead and he first appearing to women. Although all of the Gospels have different accounts of the resurrection, none of them deny it (Herbert 7). To believe in th... Free Essays on Crucifixion Free Essays on Crucifixion The Central Message of Christianity – The Resurrection The crucifixion was a barbaric, inhumane form of today’s capital punishment. Although this was a horrible way to die, the crucifixion was necessary for Christianity. Without the resurrection of Christ, there is no basis for which Christianity to stand. The crucifixion and resurrection are essential for the understanding of Jesus as Christ. The lifestyle of Jesus led up to his crucifixion. On almost every important issue that arose in the time of Jesus, His opinion contradicted that of the government. His message made the outcasts of society, the central focus. The aspect that most obviously led to his death on the cross was his claim to be Christ, the Son of God. Because of Jesus’ messages, he was led to the cross on which he died (Moltmann 73). Crucifixion was a method of capital punishment used by the non-Roman people. Crucifixion was surprisingly common during the life of Jesus. When Jesus was crucified in Golgotha, he was on a cross next to two criminals. Because Jesus was crucified on a Saturday, the guards had to ensure the death of the three men, before Sabbath. Some men were on the cross for days before they actually died, but Jesus died within six hours (Murchland 17). According to John’s gospel, one of the guards stabbed Jesus to ensure his death before Sunday came and from the wound poured water and wine, which symbolized the outpouring of the spirit. The amazing part of the death of Jesus was not the crucifixion, but instead the resurrection. Simply, the resurrection is Jesus being raised from the dead by God. All of the Gospels give different accounts of who the resurrected Jesus appeared to and when. The concepts similar between all of the gospels are, Jesus did rise from the dead and he first appearing to women. Although all of the Gospels have different accounts of the resurrection, none of them deny it (Herbert 7). To believe in th...

Leadership theory skills approach Research Paper

Leadership theory skills approach - Research Paper Example What particular skills do effective leaders possess? Why do some leaders possess remarkable problem-solving skills while others do not? (Northouse, 2009, 47) In general, the researchers tried to find out the leadership aspects that bring about commendable performance in real-world organizations. Derived from the wide-ranging findings of the research, Mumford and associates (2000) developed a skill-oriented leadership approach. The approach is defined as a capability framework because it focuses on the correlation between the skills and knowledge of a leader and his/her actual performance. Leadership skills can be learned or acquired over time through practice, experience, and training (Northouse, 2009; Rowe & Guerrero, 2010). Not like the ‘great man’ theory, which states that leadership is limited to a talented and exceptional few, the skills model argues that most individuals have the potential to become great leaders. If individuals are able to learn or acquire positive outcomes from their experiences, they can develop leadership skills (Northouse, 2009, 47-48). Instead of highlighting the behavior or actions of leaders, the skills model views leadership as the skills and knowledge that facilitate successful leadership. The leadership skills approach resembles the trait model, but rather than placing emphasis on the traits of a leader, leader skills are regarded to be the most important ingredient for successful leadership. The leadership skills approach focuses on the behavior of the leader. Nevertheless, the skills approach argues that leadership behavior cannot be separated from its social setting (Daft, 2008). Furthermore, the skills approach implies that leadership capabilities are enhanced through experience. Knowledge is the core leadership capability that is talked about in skills theory (Lussier &

Administration Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Administration Law - Case Study Example In civil proceedings the question of what is a sufficient interest is a question of fact and degree taking into account all the circumstances of the case: R. v Inland Revenue Commissioners Ex p National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses Ltd [1982].Where a claimant is not directly affected by the action once the court is satisfied that (s)he is not simply a "meddlesome busybody"1 then it tries to balance the claimant's interest against the public importance of the issues and the remedy sought. The term 'interest' includes any connection between the claimant and the matter to which the claim relates. In R v Secretary of State for the Environment Ex p Rose Theatre Trust Ltd [1990] it was held that a desire to protect an historic site was not sufficient; only an unsuccessful applicant could appeal against a planning decision. Conversely the courts found a sufficient interest when a public spirited citizen sought judicial review of a serious public issue: R. v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Ex p Lord Rees-Mogg [1994].The Law Commission disapproved of the decision in the Rose Theatre case recommending that public interest applications be treated as having sufficient interest. ... We are therefore confident that BSS will be able to establish sufficient interest both within the context of vindicating the rule of law and that there is no other responsible challenger of the Home Secretary's decision. Having said this under CPR 54.17 the court has discretion to hear any person, which would allow the BSS to submit evidence on the issue, if not to actually commence the action for judicial review. (b) Generally judicial review is concerned with the lawfulness of the decision making process of public bodies to ensure that powers have not been abused or exceeded. BSS would have to establish that in reaching a decision the Home Secretary had erred in law in this manner. In Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] (the GCHQ case) Lord Diplock enumerated the categories under which judicial review might be sought: a) Illegality b) Irrationality c) Procedural impropriety or d) Further development on a case by case basis - particularly with regard to the principle of proportionality which will be important under Human Rights and EU administrative law. BSS could attempt to establish that the Home Secretary has acted illegally as he has misunderstood his powers under the law. For example we are told that BB has had two prison sentences each of which exceeded 9 months, and that by paragraph 9 of the Entry to the UK Rules, BB therefore would not normally be allowed admittance to the UK. The purpose of the rule seems to be to unequivocally exclude from this country persons who have been convicted anywhere of a criminal offences exceeding 9 months in duration. This would imply that the Home Secretary does not have discretion in the matter. However, we note that the Home

Holiday Decision Making Processes Tourism Essay

Holiday Decision Making Processes Tourism Essay The following essay attempts to critically analyze the traditional problem solving approach to consumer decision making process with support of the study that the case study has discussed. The writing is done over nine steps. It begins with the introduction phase that discusses the importance of consumer behavior and the importance of decision making and in particular the importance of traditional consumer decision making in consumer behavior. The following subsection defines the detailed stages involved in traditional consumer decision making. Following this, is a comparative study done between traditional consumer decision making and holiday decision making based on the stages of traditional consumer decision making model. This is further, followed by a conclusion that summarizes the outcome of the study altogether. Consumer behavior is the study of the mental and emotional processes and observable behavior of consumers during searching, consumption and post purchase of a product or service. Assessing consumer behavior and understanding the same is vital and essential for the success of any marketing strategy. Consumer decision making process is the sequential stages of processes that a consumer goes through when opting to purchase a product or a service. Any consumer is assumed to go through five staged decision making process before attempting to make any purchase. This is referred to as the Traditional Decision making process. It is very necessary for the marketer to understand the decision making process that the consumer goes through in order to successfully market the product. III.TRADITIONAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS The five important stages of the traditional consumer decision making process are: Need Recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Purchase and Post-Purchase evaluation. Need Recognition Problem Awareness: Need recognition is when a consumer has identified a particular need or a problem that has been unmet and has to be immediately met. Two different styles of need/problem recognition styles exist within consumers. The categories of consumers are those who opt a product as the present product that they are using fails to function efficiently. These consumers are referred to as actual state type consumers. The second type of consumers are the desired state types, who need a product just because to desire to have one. So the desire becomes the trigger in their decision process. Altogether, a consumer at this stage can be referred to as an aroused consumer who is vulnerable to any stimulus of the marketers appeal. Information Search Information search is the search is the next subsequent stage wherein, the consumer has already identified a product that will cater to his/her need. There are two types of searches , the internal search and the external search. The internal search is when the consumer recollects his/her past experiences and makes that the base for his/her current decision making. An external search is when the consumer consults external environment factors for making his/her choice decision. This is because the consumer lacks sufficient experience. In many purchase decisions, a consumer conducts an internal search in combination with an external search as well. Normally, the consumers tend to involve themselves in extensive information search in products that involve high risk and are more costly than in case of products that involve low risk and are inexpensive. The search conducted before buying a shoes would differ from the search conducted before buying a car. Evaluation Of Alternatives In this corresponding stage, the consumer has identified a number of particular product/service that will satisfy his/her need. It is here that the consumer makes the decision between the available potential alternatives on the basis of brands and number of preferred criteria against which these products are assessed. The set of brands that comes in the consideration list of the consumer is called evoked set. Inept set is the set of brands that the product does not consider because it is looked upon by the consumer as unacceptable. Inert set is that set of brands that the consumer is indifferent towards because the consumer, does not consider the product to be having any particular advantages. Purchase This is the stage wherein the consumer actually purchases a particular product after identifying need, conducting search and evaluating possible alternatives. Consumers are normally identified to be making three types of purchases which are namely trial purchases, repeated purchases and long term commitment purchases. The trial purchase refers to the instance wherein a consumer tries to evaluate a product or brand by using it for the first time. Repeated purchase is a case of established brand loyalty wherein consumers repeat product purchases. Long term commitment is when consumers associate themselves in opting to purchase a particular brand of a product and over again in time. Post purchase Evaluation This is the stage wherein the consumer has bought and used a particular product, the consumers reflection on whether the product was satisfying or disappointing. In cases where the consumers needs are met or exceeded the consumer can be referred to as satisfied. If that does not happen, the consumer begins to experience cognitive dissonance which is an internal conflict that the consumer experiences because of having conflicting ideas. (Schiffman G.L, Kanuk L.L, Hansen.H , 2008) IV.IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR A HOLIDAY DECISION MAKING When the holiday decision making plan of 27 Belgian households were analyzed, it was found that Holiday decision making model did not have any fixed sequential stages, unlike the traditional decision making model. It was observed that in the Holiday decision making model, the administrative factors played a vital role in deciding choice and time of holiday decision making. Apart from this, it was found that unlike in the traditional decision making model, while planning for a holiday, there was no sequential evolution of holiday plans. The typical factors that influence the need and the decision of holiday decision making process was found to be situational factors, levels of involvement, day dreaming nostalgia, anticipation. This is completely different from the Traditional Decision making process which has very well structured and sequentialized. The need for a particular product/service is identified, following which the information search and evaluation of alternatives is done. This further leads the consumer towards making a purchase and then post purchase evaluation. Unlike in the Holiday decision model the factors that influence the decision making process of a consumer in traditional consumer decision making is the need that is triggered due to the failure of a product that they are using or the desire to have a new product. Decision for choosing a product is done here. V.SEARCHING FOR AN IDEAL HOLIDAY DESTINATION . The information search in traditional consumer decision making is well structured, which is at times internal or external or a combination of both based on the value /risk of a product. The information search phase in the holiday decision model was found to be unstructured unlike the traditional decision making model .In holiday decision making, information collection was identified to be an ongoing process that still continues even after the holiday has been booked. Information is gathered during and after the holiday experience owing to cognitive dissonance, prolonged involvement/hedonic consumption. Moreover, the information search in holiday decision making is found to be more internal or memory based, than external or stimulus based. However, all the information collected were not always used. The holiday decision makers were also found to be low information searchers. Information accumulated naturally in a non purposive way and they become really important in the last days before a booking is made. There is a shift observed from internal to external source of information and from general to more specific information altogether. Hence in holiday decision making , information search information collection is not a direct predictor of actual choices but helps in strongly pointing out the preferences of a consumer. Whereas, in traditional consumer decision making the information search is mainly internal oriented (like past experience) for products with low risk and products that are less expensive, external (like person reference) for products those involve high risk and are expensive. The higher the past experience, the lesser the external search would be done. Information is considered very important and the information gathered becomes the driving force in the decision making of a consumer. The kind of shift from general to specific information hunt is not quite significant in traditional consumer decision making. In traditional consumer decision making, the search begins as internal and then proceeds to external and then a combination of both. It is also observed that unlike holiday decision making, traditional consumer decision making consumers are keen information searchers and conducts a thorough research before deciding on a particular product. And finally, in traditional consumer deci sion making, information collection strong points the preferences of consumer, and also is a vital predictor of the actual decision that the consumer tends to take. VI.EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE HOLIDAY DECISIONS When it came to the evaluation of alternatives in case of holiday decision making, the study conducted brought to light that holiday decision making was an ongoing circular process that began with the making of a decision. Ideally, as one holiday ended, the holidays decision makers involved themselves in making the next plan. It was also observed that the decision makers involved themselves in making a number of plans at the same time. So does the evaluation of alternatives. As they constantly keep gaining information they tend to keep switching their preference for alternatives. And each of the plans that the holiday maker made comprised of different time horizons, different formulas and different types of decision making processes. Another instance in the case , highlighted the fact that holiday decision making was mostly found to be adaptable and opportunistic. In these cases holiday decision makers , though had willingness to go to a particular place for a holiday , they were found to be going only when the opportunity struck. Hence, adaptability and opportunity were found to be the two major criterias on which a holiday decision maker was found to evaluating and deciding on the option of a holiday destination. Moreover, these strategies were found to be aligned with situation and to the type of decision making unit in which they were involved. So while evaluating the alternative, the alternative that is more favorable to adapt and to which there was a prevailing opportunity was given more importance than a on e which wasnt favorable and for which there w as no opportunity. Altogether, it was found that while evaluating alternatives and decision making, adaptability and the decision making unit to which a holiday decision maker belonged influenced to situations and decision making unit to which they belong. When it came to evaluation, preferences were more given to experience based techniques than pre-planned ones. Many holiday makers didnt use any well defined strategies while making their decisions. Needs and desires were directly connected to choice solutions because they are evoked at the same time. Finally, they prefer simple decision rules even if they are not accurate. Alongside, holiday makers decision strategies were characterized by factors like limited amount of processing, selective processing, qualitative reasoning, attribute based non compensatory rules and a lack for the evaluation of each alternative. In comparison to this, in the traditional consumer decision making model the consumer evaluates products based on brands and critetrias. Unlike in holiday decision making, in traditional consumer decision making consumers follow a method wherein initially, a evoked set is generated based on the list of brands from which they plan to make their selection following which criterias will be used to evaluate each brand separately. Based on the ranking of criterias, the final product choice is made. Evaluation of alternatives is not an ongoing process and it is done only when a particular product is recognized to be catering to a particular need/problem identified. Hence traditional consumer decision making is not in any manner not adaptable nor opportunistic rather its completely need/desire oriented. Also pre planned decisions were the one that was given more importance when it came to evaluation. Strategies are clearly made based on ranking of features of a particular product of a brand . In traditional consumer decision making, evaluation of alternatives is characterized by the knowledge of the brand, information gathered and the preference of criterias evaluated for each brand/product of the evoked set. VII.PURCHASE OF A HOLIDAY PLAN AND ITS POST PURCHASE EVALUATION: When analyzing the purchase stage of the holiday decision making, it was found that the final decision making was made by consumers in the last minutes. This was mainly done to reduce the risk involved, expectancy, availability, loyalty and personality. It is also found from the case that the purchase of the holiday decision making, is done instantaneously depending on momentary moods and emotions. Emotional factors in fact were identified to be a major factor based on which the holiday choices were made. The purchase is also done instantly as the holiday decision makers are consumers whose choices are made suddenly for sudden pleasure. This highlights the fact that affective choice mode is more relevant than traditional information processing mode in Holiday decision making model that in itself is a highly experiential product. Most of the holiday decision makers tend to be optimistic and idealistic in the starting but they become realistic only over time and final purchase is made only the last moment. The reason for this trend of shift was identified to be the objective intervention or subjective perception of contextual factors. However contextual factors like occupation, family, situation are first considered before contextual inhibitors like time, money and budget. The feeling of cognitive dissonance can be thoroughly noticed in case of holiday decision making. Because of this experience of cognitive dissonance that is a post purchase concern it was seen that the informants involved themselves in gathering information during and after the holiday experience altogether. The informants in many cases were found to be experiencing cognitive dissonance which continuously strived to reduce. In the traditional decision making model, model of feel-learn-do is observed to be important whereas the feel-learn-do and feel-do-learn sequence appear more important in the holiday decision making. Contrary to the holiday decision making, in traditional consumer decision making the consumer plans sequentially before making the purchase. They discover a need, conduct information search, evaluates the alternatives and decides to purchase a chosen product. Unlike in holiday decision making, in traditional consumer decision making the consumers are observed to be optimistic, idealistic and realistic right from the need recognition stage till this stage of purchase. Also, in case of traditional consumer decision making, the post purchase cognitive dissonance experienced by a consumer was found to be directly proportional to the risk or value involved with the product. VIII.CONCLUSION Based on the comparative study made it can be evidently summarized that holiday decision making processes evidently varies from the traditional consumer decision making. Right from the beginning stage of need recognition till the stage of post-purchase evaluation stage the disparities are evident and noticeable. holiday decision making is highly based on opportunities, adaptability and emotions to a very large extent. Unlike traditional consumer decision making holiday decision making is found out to be combination of many processes. Hence altogether holiday decision making, is identified to be a rational process and holiday decision making processes and considered to be quite important as they are vital in achieving higher order goals. IX.REFERENCESBIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Peter Robinson. (2008). Holiday decision making: the family perspective. Available: http://www.insights.org.uk/articleitem.aspx?title=Holiday+Decision+Making:+The+Family+Perspective. Last accessed 25th Jan 2. Michael Richarme. (2004). Consumer Decision Making Models, Strategies and Theories. Available: http://www.decisionanalyst.com/publ_art/decisionmaking.dai. Last accessed 23rd Jan 2010. 3. Lars Perner PhD . (1999). Consumer Behaviour: Psychology Of Marketing. Available: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/. Last accessed 26th Jan 2011 4. Hawkins, Delbert, Best, Roger, Coney, Kenneth (March 2003). Consumer Behaviour: Building Marketing Strategy. London: McGraw-Hill/Irwin .71-99. 5. Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Havard Hansen (2008). Consumer Behaviour. England: Pearson Education Limited. 75-91. 6. Encyclopaedia of business 2nd edition. (2011). Consumer Behaviour. Available: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Consumer-Behavior.html. Last accessed 26th Jan 2011. 7. Kevin moore, clive smallman, jude Wilson, David simmons . (2010). Yield-Relevant Tourist Decision Making. Available: http://www.lincoln.ac.nz/PageFiles/6830/6197_YieldRelevantIn_s20222.pdf. Last accessed 26th Jan 2011 8. Murthi, B.P.S., and Kannan Srinivasan (1999). Consumers Extent of Evaluation in Brand Choice.. London: Journal of Business. 23-77. 9. Solomon, Michael R (2003). Consumer Behaviour. 6th ed. New York: Prentice Hall . 43-88. 10. Mantel, Susan Powell, and Frank R. Kardes (1999). The Role of Direction of Comparison, Attribute-Based Processing, and Attitude-Based Processing in Consumer Preference.. New York: Journal of Consumer Research. 30-54.

Human service Essay

Compile a list of the human service agencies in your city or state. Choose two agencies from your list. Research and study the available information for each agency, obtained from the agency’s Web site or other credible Internet sources. Search for information about how the agency determines needs and the demographic it serves. Refer to Appendix C for tips on where to find this information and Appendix G for other suggested Web sites. Compare and contrast the information you found for each agency, then answer the following questions in 200 to 300 words: †¢What needs do each agency meet and what demographic does each agency serve? What or who may have influenced the agency’s decision to meet the needs of this demographic group? †¢What differences have you observed between the ways the two agencies attempt to meet human needs? †¢How successful is each agency in meeting the needs of its demographic group? What challenges may be preventing the agencies from meeting certain needs? Well the two agencies that I looked up where food stamps (FI) and Medicaid. They are just about the same but they only go if you need them. If you have a low income family then you can get them both. But you have to make it on the charts. They go by the amount of money that you make and how many kids you have too. But you don’t have to have kids to get food stamps or Medicaid. These groups meet the needs of all the people but Medicaid only goes to the people that are older or have kids that are under the age 18 years old. The way I have found that they have made for the people is that they give people food in there house or they make sure that they have the health care that they need to live longer or even just get checked out for a cold. I think that the biggest challenges that they face is trying to find out who really needs it and who don’t need it. They have to look at each case very well and make sure that they don’t have any way to cheat the system any way. I believe that both of these thing make the government better and help use become a better united states all the way around.

Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MB 0050 [pic] Name: XXXXX Roll number: XXXX Learning centre: XXXX Subject: MB 0050- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Assignment No. : Set 1 Date of submission at learning centre: [pic] ASSIGNMENTS Subject code: MB0050 (4 credits) Marks 60 subject NAME: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Note: Each Question carries 10 marks Q1)a. Differentiate between nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales, with an example of each. b. What are the purposes of measurement in social science research? a. Types of scales: Ans) There are four types of data that may be gathered in social research, each one adding more to the next. Thus ordinal data is also nominal, and so on. Nominal The name ‘Nominal' comes from the Latin nomen, meaning ‘name' and nominal data are items which are differentiated by a simple naming system. The only thing a nominal scale does is to say that items being measured have something in common, although this may not be described. Nominal items may have numbers assigned to them. This may appear ordinal but is not — these are used to simplify capture and referencing. Nominal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as 'employees'. Example The number pinned on a sports person. A set of countries. Ordinal Items on an ordinal scale are set into some kind of order by their position on the scale. This may indicate such as temporal position, superiority, etc. The order of items is often defined by assigning numbers to them to show their relative position. Letters or other sequential symbols may also be used as appropriate. Ordinal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as ‘1956 marathon runners'. You cannot do arithmetic with ordinal numbers — they show sequence only. Example The first, third and fifth person in a race. Pay bands in an organization, as denoted by A, B, C and D. Interval Interval data (also sometimes called integer) is measured along a scale in which each position is equidistant from one another. This allows for the distance between two pairs to be equivalent in some way. This is often used in psychological experiments that measure attributes along an arbitrary scale between two extremes. Interval data cannot be multiplied or divided. Example My level of happiness, rated from 1 to 10. Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit. Ratio In a ratio scale, numbers can be compared as multiples of one another. Thus one person can be twice as tall as another person. Important also, the number zero has meaning. Thus the difference between a person of 35 and a person 38 is the same as the difference between people who are 12 and 15. A person can also have an age of zero. Ratio data can be multiplied and divided because not only is the difference between 1 and 2 the same as between 3 and 4, but also that 4 is twice as much as 2. Interval and ratio data measure quantities and hence are quantitative. Because they can be measured on a scale, they are also called scale data. Example A person's weight The number of pizzas I can eat before fainting b. Purpose of measurement in social science. One of the primary purposes of classifying variables according to their level or scale of measurement is to facilitate the choice of a statistical test used to analyze the data. There are certain statistical analyses which are only meaningful for data which are measured at certain measurement scales. For example, it is generally inappropriate to compute the mean for Nominal variables. Suppose you had 20 subjects, 12 of which were male, and 8 of which were female. If you assigned males a value of ‘1' and females a value of ‘2', could you compute the mean sex of subjects in your sample? It is possible to compute a mean value, but how meaningful would that be? How would you interpret a mean sex of 1. 4? When you are examining a Nominal variable such as sex, it is more appropriate to compute a statistic such as a percentage (60% of the sample was male). When a research wishes to examine the relationship or association between two variables, there are also guidelines concerning which statistical tests are appropriate. For example, let's say a University administrator was interested in the relationship between student gender (a Nominal variable) and major field of study (another Nominal variable). In this case, the most appropriate measure of association between gender and major would be a Chi-Square test. Let's say our University administrator was interested in the relationship between undergraduate major and starting salary of students' first job after graduation. In this case, salary is not a Nominal variable; it is a ratio level variable. The appropriate test of association between undergraduate major and salary would be a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to see if the mean starting salary is related to undergraduate major. Finally, suppose we were interested in the relationship between undergraduate grade point average and starting salary. In this case, both grade point average and starting salary are ratio level variables. Now, neither Chi-square nor ANOVA would be appropriate; instead, we would look at the relationship between these two variables using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Q2) a. What are the sources from which one may be able to identify research problems? b. Why literature survey is important in research? Ans: Identifying research Problem This involves the identification of a general topic and formulating it into a specific research problem. It requires thorough understanding of the problem and rephrasing it in meaningful terms from an analytical point of view. Types of Research Projects †¢ those that relate to states of nature those which relate to relationships between variables In understanding the problem, it is helpful to discuss it with colleagues or experts in the field. It is also necessary to examine conceptual and empirical literature on the subject. After the literature review, the researcher is able to focus on the problem and phrase it in analytical or operational terms. The task of defining the research problem is of greatest importance in the entire research process. Being able to define the problem unambiguously helps the researc her in discriminating relevant data from irrelevant ones. Extensive literature review Review of literature is a systematic process that requires careful and perceptive reading and attention to detail. In the review of the literature, the researcher attempts to determine what others have learned about similar research problems. It is important in the following ways: †¢ specifically limiting and identifying the research problem and possible hypothesis or research questions i. e. sharpening the focus of the research. †¢ informing the researcher of what has already been done in the area. This helps to avoid exact duplication. If one had the literature and exercised enough patience and industry in reviewing available literature, it may well be that his problem has already been solved by someone somewhere some time ago and he will save himself the trouble. † Nwana (1982). †¢ Providing insights into possible research designs and methods of conducting the research and interpreting the results. †¢ Providing suggestions for possible modifications in the research to avoid unanticipated difficulties. The library is the most likely physical location for the research literature. Within the library there is access to books, periodicals, technical reports and academic theses. Other sources are the Education Index and the Educational Resources information centre (ERIC). Computer-assisted searchers of literature have become very common today. They have the advantage of comprehensiveness and speed. They are also very cost-effective in terms of time and effort although access to some of the databases requires payment. Irrespective of the sources of the literature, ethics of research require that the source is acknowledged through a clear system of referencing. . Why Literature survey is important in research? Doing a literature survey before you begin your investigation enables you to take advantage of the unique human capacity to pass on detailed written information from one generation to another. Reading all the knowledge that's accumulated so far on the problem you want to study can be time-consuming and even tedious. But careful evaluation of that material hel ps make your investigation worthwhile by alerting you to knowledge already gained and problems already encountered in your areas of interest. A literature survey amounts to reading available material on a given topic, analyzing and organizing findings, and producing a summary. There are many sources for literature reviews, including journals of general interest in each discipline, such as the American Political Science Review. There are also journals for specific topics such as the Leadership and Organization Development Journal. Governments publish great quantities of data on many topics. The United Nations and the United States Government Printing Office are two major sources. In addition, businesses and private organizations gather and publish information you might find useful. For certain problems you may want to search through popular or non-scholarly periodicals as well. While it's customary to include only data from sources that actually research the problem in a precise fashion, articles in more popular sources may provide interesting insight or orientations. Talking to knowledgeable people may also give you information that helps you formulate your problem. Thoroughness is the key. Most libraries have staff trained in information retrieval who can help find sources and suggest strategies to review the iterature. The Internet, of course, now allows easy access to limitless information on given topics. Thoroughness in your review means not only finding all current publications on a topic but locating earlier writing as well. There's no easy rule for how long ago literature was published on your topic. The time varies from problem to problem. A useful way to locate past as well as current writing is to begin with the most current sources likely to contain relevant material. Then, follow these authors' footnotes and bibliographies. At some point in this search you'll find the material is beginning to be only peripherally related to your current interest or that authors claim originality for their work. Of course, doing a goodliterature surveyis easier when you know a great deal about the subject already. In such a case you'd probably be familiar with publications and even other people who do research in your area of interest. But for the novice, efficient use of library/Internet services and organizing how they check sources are especially important skills. Having located literature, keeping a checklist of useful information will help you read each source. You might ask yourself, particularly for research articles: 1. What was the exact problem studied? 2. How were the topics of interest defined? 3. What did the authors expect to find? 4. How were things measured? 5. What research did this author cite? Have you read it? 6. Who were the subjects of study? 7. What do the results show? 8. Do the data presented agree with the written conclusions? 9. What were the limitations of the study? A thorough literature survey should demonstrate that you've carefully read and evaluated each article or book. Because research reports can be tedious and difficult to understand for new researchers, many tend to read others' conclusions or summaries and take the author's word that the data actually support the conclusions. Careful reading of both tables and text for awhile will convince you they don't always agree. Sometimes data are grossly misinterpreted in the text, but on other occasions authors are more subtle. Consider, for example, the following statements: Fully 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote. Only 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote. The percentage is the same, but the impression conveyed is decidedly different. Reading the actual data before accepting the author's conclusions will help prevent some of these errors of interpretation from creeping into your own research. It's important that after you finish your reading, you're able to write your literature survey in a way that's clear, organizing what you know about the content and methods used to study your problem. You may find it helpful to record information about each source on a separate card or piece of paper so that information can later be reshuffled, compared, and otherwise reorganized. Note in most journal articles that what probably began as a long literature survey is usually condensed on the first few pages of the research report, explaining previous research on the problem and how the current study will contribute. You, too, want to add to this growing body of knowledge we call social science by a creative summary of what's been accomplished by others as well as by your own research. Q3) a. What are the characteristics of a good research design? b. What are the components of a research design? Ans) Research Design – Definition A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose witheconomy in procedure†Is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes theblueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data more explicitly: i. What is the study about? ii. Why is the study being conducted? iii. Where will the st udy be carried out? iv. What type of data is required? v. Where can the required data be found? Components of research design http://www. google. co. in/url? a=t=j=components%20of%20research%20design=web=3=0CDIQFjAC=http%3A%2F%2Fposta. marmara. edu. tr%2F~sozmen%2F2003-2004%2Fresearch_methodology%2Fweek_4. doc= KgOgTo-aEofqrAeFkbWNAw=AFQjCNG1ctNqNjUq_ils-O4muicz4Z2eBA=RFuXRcsnlsSIOe9zWHhr5A=rja 4. a. Distinguish between Doubles sampling and multiphase sampling. [ 5 marks] b. What is replicated or interpenetrating sampling? [ 5 marks] http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_double_sampling http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Multistage_sampling http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Replication_(statistics) https://onlinecourses. science. psu. du/stat506/node/54 5. a. How is secondary data useful to researcher? [ 5 marks] b. What are the criteria used for evaluation of secondary data? [ 5 marks] http://www. steppingstones. ca/artman/publish/article_60. shtml http://www. change. freeuk. com/learning/r esmeth/secondary. html 6. What are the differences between observation and interviewing as methods of data collection? Give two specific examples of situations where either observation or interviewing would be more appropriate. [10 marks]. †¢ http://www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-observation-and-vs-interviewing-as-methods-of-data-collection/

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1388 Words

The key to understanding our differences within cultures is to first, understand our similarities within cultures. If our daily activities were the base of cultures, this would mean that our differences only come from our similarities. For example, one can see the differences through the similarities in a simple aspect like our daily activities such as food and clothing. Everyday we all do the same action to put clothes on, but depending on where we are in the world (geographically), traditions, perceptions, and fashion, what we will wear will be different than someone else from the other side of the globe. With this paper, the similarities and differences of globalization and colonization will be explored. The Nigerian Igbo’s way of†¦show more content†¦Without the oracle, Agbala, the community was useless because they would not do anything without getting advice from her even if that meant killing people. Colonization though, presented Christianity to the African culture which ended the polytheism beliefs and the unnecessary killings. The Nigerian Igbo’s culture was slowly fading away through assimilation. An example of this would be that normally, in the Igbo culture eye contact was not acceptable especially when with elders or outcasts of the village but when the missionaries came they told the converted people the opposite. They said that it was okay and respectful to look at people straight in the eyes. This is examined in Things Fall Apart when the converted Christians were sitting in the same room as the outcast and they felt uncomfortable looking at them because their whole life they have been told no to do so. Colonization formed social distinction succe ssfully. Colonization has changed the Ibgo’s culture and traditions. It destroyed the inequality between women and men and the belief that women are inferior then men. It introduced clothing and fabrics to the village. It gave people an education. It westernized traditional medicine, it went from having a medicine man who treats people with his traditional religious perceptions in how to treat an ill person to having accurate and more reliable medicine practices to can actually save lives. But then again, right now, at this exact moment thereShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other